Clinical Progress in Negative-Pressure Endometrial Sampler for Endometrial Cancer Screening / 中国医科大学学报

Endometrial cancer is a common malignancy of the female reproductive system. Despite improvement in living standards, the incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing due to the lack of effective screening. Early detection of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions can significantly improve prognosis and survival. At present, China lacks a method for screening endometrial lesions comparable to that for cervical cancer screening. A recently introduced endometrial sampler has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and minimal trauma, and is gradually being accepted for clinical screening of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions in other countries.This study aims to explore current screening methods for endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions and the clinical application of an endometrial sampler for screening.

Clinical Significance of Endometrial Abnormalities in Patients with Breast Cancer after Oral Administration of Tamoxifen / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To analyze the clinical significance of endometrial abnormalities in patients with breast cancer after oral administration of tamoxifen, and to determine the risk factors for endometrial malignancy. Methods We collected data from 135 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery for endometrial abnormalities after oral administration of tamoxifen at the Department of Gynecology from September 2011 to December 2017. According to the pathological results obtained, the patients were divided into groups A (benign endometrial lesion) and B (precancerous and malignant endometrial lesion). The relationships between endometrial malignancy and factors including age, menopausal status, body mass index, endometrial thickness, abnormal uterine bleeding, oral dose of tamoxifen, duration of oral medication, and complications (hypertension and diabetes) were compared between the groups. Results There were 124 patients in group A and 11 patients in group B. The difference in the incidence of abnormal uterine bleeding, which was a risk factor for endometrial malignancy, was significant different between the groups (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Physicians should pay close attention to abnormal uterine bleeding in patients taking tamoxifen after surgery for breast cancer. Hysteroscopy should be used to confirm the nature of lesions, and patients without symptoms should be followed up.

Role of tumor-derived exosomes in tumor metastasis / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) are small membrane vesicles secreted by tumor cells.They contain various proteins and RNA which make they serve as functional mediators in cell interaction.TEXs can alter the components of extracellular matrix and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells,which enhance the invasiveness of tumor cells.TEXs regulate immunity through multiple pathways,allowing circulating tumor cells to escape immune surveillance.TEXs promote pre-metastatic microenvironment in target organ before metastasis and induce angiogenesis after circulating tumor cells colonization.Understanding the role and mechanism of TEXs in this process can effectively block relevant signaling pathways which may provide new targeted therapies for clinic.